Which statement about buffering systems is true?

The statement regarding hyperventilation causing respiratory alkalosis is true because hyperventilation leads to an excessive loss of carbon dioxide (CO2) from the bloodstream. CO2 is in equilibrium with carbonic acid (H2CO3), so when CO2 levels drop significantly, the equilibrium shifts, resulting in a decrease in the concentration of hydrogen ions (H+). This shift raises the pH of the blood, leading to a state known as respiratory alkalosis.

Buffering systems in the body, such as the bicarbonate buffer system, play an essential role in moderating pH changes; however, they cannot prevent all changes in pH, especially under extreme physiological conditions. Additionally, buffering systems are very effective in biological systems, helping to maintain homeostasis in various bodily fluids, not just limited to the digestive system; they are active in the blood and other tissues as well.